The Everything Guide to Anatomy and Physiology by Langford Kevin

Author:Langford, Kevin
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: F+W Media
Published: 2015-06-12T04:00:00+00:00

Brachio means arm and cephalic refers to head; hence the naming of the first branch off the aorta, which goes to the head and arm on the right side.

The left common carotid and the left subclavian artery branch both come directly from the aortic arch and serve the left side in the same manner as the vessels on the right. The aorta continues to arch 180° and descends into the body as the systemic or descending aorta, from which branches to the remainder of the body will originate. The largest branch off the aorta is the celiac artery, which supplies most organs of the upper digestive tract. From the celiac, many arteries will branch out to go to the liver (hepatic artery), the stomach (gastric artery), and other organs such as the spleen (splenic artery). Renal arteries will branch directly from the aorta and deliver blood to the right and the left kidneys. Moving farther down, first the superior mesenteric and the inferior mesenteric arteries will sprout from the aorta and supply portions of the small and large intestines, respectively.

At the most inferior end, the aorta will divide into the right and left common iliac arteries that descend into each leg. This is in much the same way as the common carotid ascends into the head and neck before branching off. The iliac arteries then become the external iliac arteries in the pelvic region, and later the femoral artery as it continues down the leg to supply the muscles of the leg and the foot.

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